You might have heard about it in passing or know someone who's been diagnosed with it. But what exactly is it? Let's break it down into its main types: Bipolar I, Bipolar II, and Cyclothymic Disorder.
- Bipolar I Disorder
What is it?
Bipolar I is characterized by episodes of mania, which are periods of extremely elevated mood, energy, and activity levels. These episodes can be so intense that the individual might lose touch with reality.
Key Features:
- Manic Episodes: These last at least a week, or are severe enough to require hospitalization. Symptoms might include inflated self-esteem, decreased need for sleep, talkativeness, racing thoughts, distractibility, increased goal-directed activity, or risky behavior.
- Depressive Episodes: While mania is a defining feature, many with Bipolar I also experience episodes of depression, which can last two weeks or more.
Did You Know?
It's not just about the "highs." While mania is a hallmark of Bipolar I, the depressive episodes can be just as challenging, if not more so.
2. Bipolar II Disorder
What is it?
Bipolar II is similar to Bipolar I, but the elevated moods never reach full-blown manic intensity. Instead, they reach a level called hypomania.
Key Features:
- Hypomanic Episodes: These are similar to manic episodes but are shorter (lasting at least four days) and less severe. They don’t interfere as much with daily activities and don't involve psychosis.
- Depressive Episodes: Just like Bipolar I, individuals with Bipolar II experience periods of depression. In fact, these depressive episodes can be more prolonged and are a major part of the disorder.
Did You Know?
Many people mistake Bipolar II for regular depression because they don't recognize the hypomanic episodes. It's essential to differentiate between the two for proper treatment.
3. Cyclothymic Disorder
What is it?
Think of Cyclothymic Disorder as a milder form of Bipolar Disorder. It involves mood swings but not as extreme as the ones in Bipolar I or II.
Key Features:
- Milder Highs and Lows: Individuals experience numerous periods of hypomanic symptoms and periods of depressive symptoms. However, these symptoms don't meet the full criteria for hypomanic or depressive episodes.
- Duration: This pattern of mood fluctuations persists for at least two years in adults and one year in children and adolescents.
Did You Know?
Even though Cyclothymic Disorder is milder, it can still impact one's quality of life. Over time, some people with Cyclothymic Disorder may develop more severe forms of Bipolar Disorder.
In Conclusion
Bipolar disorders are more than just mood swings. They are complex conditions that require understanding, compassion, and proper treatment. If you or someone you know might be experiencing symptoms of these disorders, it's essential to seek professional help. Remember, with the right support and treatment, individuals with bipolar disorders can lead fulfilling lives.
At Blue Umbrella Psychiatry, board-certified psychiatrist Eric Robbins, MD, and our dedicated care team offer customized and innovative treatments to relieve your symptoms and resolve the issues that contribute to your bipolar disorder.
